Experimental investigation of the effect of using the cylindrical parabolic collector,different solar panels and their cooling on seawater desalination in double-slope solar still

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed at examining the effect of using solar panels and cylindrical parabolic collectors, or CPCs, on solar still unit. Cooling of the solar panels up to 25°C has been also conducted in order to rise the amount of produced freshwater. In the first setup, the solar still unit has been made up of 300 W and 600 W solar panels along with the CPC devices of lengths 1 m and 2 m outside for water heating. The second setup was designed in a way that water is heated by the solar panels as well as the CPC device with the copper pipe circulation inside the solar still unit, so the hot water within the pipe has raised the temperature of the water as a heat exchanger inside the solar still. Based on the results, the second setup had a higher efficiency than the first setup. Moreover, the highest amount of fresh water was 4.215 kg and 5.091 kg during one day in the first setup and the second setup, respectively. Cases 1 to 6 are related to the first setup and cases 7 to 12 are related to the second setup. The lowest fresh water production in case 1 was 2.852 kg. the highest water temperature in experimental setup 1 was 71.9 °C and in experimental setup 2 was 84.8°C.     

Influence of bunch maturation and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in starchy banana chips

The present study investigated the effect of ripening stages and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in deep-fried chips of five plantains and one cooking banana. The highest level of acrylamide was found in the cooking banana, followed by False Horn plantain and French plantain, respectively. French plantain hybrids exhibited a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of acrylamide when compared to French plantain. The ripening stage demonstrated a positive Pearson correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.57) with acrylamide formation. As ripening progressed, the levels of glucose and fructose significantly increased (P < 0.05) and showed a positive correlation with acrylamide formation (r = 0.85 and 0.96, respectively). The level of the amino acid asparagine during ripening was not correlated with acrylamide formation. In contrast, the level of histidine, arginine, iso-leucine and cystine during ripening was positively correlated (P < 0.05, r > 0.60) with acrylamide formation in fried chips. The higher level of TP was significantly related (P < 0.05) to the lower level of acrylamide (r = −0.62). The reduced levels of carotenoid isomers, except lutein, during fruit ripening were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with acrylamide formation, especially trans-BC (r = 0.72) and 9-cis-BC(r = 0.64).     

油漆车间电泳灰粒控制及改进

从油漆车间电泳灰粒产生的源头着手,在白车身洁净度、前处理工艺和电泳工艺三方面对电泳灰粒潜在的影响进行分析。通过对电泳工艺段的主槽循环进行改进,调整出槽喷淋压力,以及改造湿打磨,有效控制了电泳成膜后的灰粒数量,使电泳打磨灰粒数量下降75%,油漆整体外观质量得到提高。     

超长寿命小型自然循环铅铋快堆堆芯概念设计研究

以提高铅铋快堆的经济性与固有安全性为目标，开展100 MWt超长寿命小型自然循环铅铋快堆SPALLER-100概念设计，在选用PuN-ThN燃料和²⁰⁸Pb-Bi冷却剂的基础上，提出了一种添加固体慢化剂BeO的燃料组件设计方案，开展了堆芯布置研究和控制棒系统设计，分析了堆芯物理特性与稳态自然循环特性。结果表明：在低燃料装载量和小堆芯体积条件下，SPALLER-100堆芯换料周期达32 a，平均卸料燃耗高达210.38 MW·d/kg(HM)，整个寿期内的反应性系数均为负值。稳态运行工况下燃料包壳、芯块最大温度均小于安全限值，反应堆具备一回路自然循环能力和一定流量自动分配能力。     

Microstructures,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of sprayed Ca–P coating for micropatterning carbon/carbon substrate surface

Carbon/carbon (C/C) surface micropatterning is a method of modifying the surface into the complete and regular geometry. In this work, we introduce a positive effect on bonding strength between sprayed Ca–P coating and surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Interestingly, C/C substrate coated by Ca–P coating provides textured surface for a new bone ingrowth. The sprayed Ca–P coating is then subjected to microwave-hydrothermal (MH) treatment with the aim of eliminating surface defects and obtaining a uniform purity phase. These objectives were achieved in our previous study by the MH method. The molar ratio of Ca/P in the coatings is nearly close to 1, which is far below that of Ca/P for hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HA, 1.67). The purpose of this article is to transform the phases in the sprayed Ca–P coating, which owns the better bioactivity and high corrosion resistance. In order to raise the molar ratio of Ca/P, the coatings are treated under high-temperature (around 700 °C). They are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The bonding strength (coating/substrate), biological activity and corrosion resistance of the coatings are investigated. The resulting coatings own the different microstructures and phase compositions from the original sprayed Ca–P coating. Especially, results show that the shear strength of the sprayed Ca–P coating deposited on surface micropatterning C/C substrate increases by 61% which is more than that of the coating on non-surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Additionally, high-temperature treated coating presents a good biological activity and an excellent corrosion resistance of current density (1.3078 × 10^-6 A/cm²) and potential (−0.17 V_SCE).     

一种新的风电场复杂下垫面场地校准模型

针对现有方法模型简单、气象因素考虑不足和缺少异常数据检测等问题,提出一种基于相对密度离群因子（relative RDOF）异常检测和支持向量回归（SVR）组合的场地校准模型。首先,通过RDOF与四分位法对测风塔与风电机组距下垫面相同高度风速间的风速比进行异常数据检测,间接实现风速预处理;同时,根据测风塔与风电机组相同高度风切变序列的相关性,动态引入大气稳定度等级,与多种常规自然因素共同作为模型输入。然后,建立SVR场地校准模型修正风速。最后,通过算例验证,并与国际电工委员会（IEC）标准方法进行对比。结果表明,该方法可有效提升场地校准模型的风速修正精度。